Discovering the Beauty and History of Hunza Valley: A Traveler's Guide

Hunza Valley is a stunning region in the Gilgit-Baltistan area of northern Pakistan. It's renowned for its breathtaking landscapes, including snow-capped peaks, lush green terraced fields, and clear, turquoise rivers. The valley is surrounded by towering mountains, including Rakaposhi and Ultar Sar, which make for some of the most picturesque scenery in the world.

Hunza is often celebrated for its unique culture and warm, hospitable people. The valley is home to several ancient forts, like Baltit Fort and Altit Fort, which offer insights into the region's history and heritage. Additionally, Hunza is known for its impressive apricot orchards and delicious local fruits.

The climate is typically mild in summer, which makes it a popular destination for tourists seeking an escape from the heat of the plains. Winter, however, can be quite harsh, with heavy snowfall and cold temperatures.

The region holds several surviving Buddhist archaeological sites, such as the Sacred Rock of Hunza. Since then, most of the population converted to Islam, predominantly following the Ismaili sect. Hunza contains rock inscriptions in the ancient Brahmi script, created by Buddhist monks as expressions of worship and culture. With most locals converting to Islam, they had been mainly left forgotten, but are now being restored. Hunza Valley was central in the network of trading routes connecting Central Asia to the subcontinent. It also provided protection to Buddhist missionaries and monks visiting the subcontinent, and the region played a significant role in the transmission of Buddhism throughout Asia.

Historian Ahmad Hassan Dani believes that the Sakas (Scythians) used the Karakoram route to invade Taxila. The Sacred Rock of Hunza has petroglyphs of mounted horsemen and ibex, along with Kharoshti inscriptions that list the names of Saka and Pahlava rulers. The rock also contains inscriptions from the Kushan period, showing the Saka and Kushan suzerainty over the Hunza and Gilgit regions

Hunza began to separate from the Gilgit region as a separate state around 997 A.D., but decisive separation occurred with the establishment of the Ayash ruling family in the 15th century. The neighbouring Nagar state also separated in the same manner, and internecine battles between the two states were endemic. Following the invasion of Kashmir by the Mughal nobleman Mirza Haidar Dughlat, the Mir of Hunza established diplomatic relations with Kashgaria (Yarkand Khanate). After Kashgaria came under Chinese control, he continued relations with Kashgaria by paying an annual tribute of gold dust of 16 tolas to the Chinese government in Yarkand. In return for that token tribute, Hunza enjoyed territorial rights in the Raskam Valley and grazing rights in the Taghdumbash Pamir.

Hunza was an independent principality for more than 900 years. In the early 1800s, Hunza played a vital role in the British "Great Game". After the British suzerainty was established over South Asia by 19th century, the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir was created under the 1846 treaty of Amritsar. In 1891 Hunza accepted the British suzerainty. The Mir of Hunza, Mir Safdar Ali Khan, fled to Kashgar, China, and the British army installed his brother Mir Nazim Khan (1892–1938) as a puppet ruler of Hunza Valley, but all orders were passed by British officers who were appointed in the capital Gilgit." Hunza princely state bordered Xinjiang (autonomous region of China) to the northeast, Pamir to the northwest, the Gilgit Agency to the south and the former princely state of Nagar to the east, and survived until 1974, when it was finally dissolved by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. The state capital was the town of Baltit (now known as Karimabad); another old settlement is Ganish .

Hunza also has a reputation for having some of the healthiest and longest-living people, often attributed to their diet and lifestyle. The valley's isolation has preserved its traditional way of life, making it a fascinating place to visit.

Geography and Climate

Hunza Valley is located in the Gilgit-Baltistan region of northern Pakistan, nestled between the Karakoram and the Himalayas. The valley stretches approximately 100 kilometers (62 miles) and sits at an altitude ranging from 2,500 to 3,000 meters (8,200 to 9,800 feet) above sea level.

• Climate:
  • Summer (June to September): Mild and pleasant, with temperatures ranging from 20°C to 30°C (68°F to 86°F). It's an ideal time for trekking and sightseeing. 
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  • Winter (December to February): Cold, with temperatures often dropping below freezing. Snowfall is common, especially in higher altitudes, which can make travel challenging but also picturesque.

Key Attractions

1. Scenic Beauty:

   • Mountains: The valley is surrounded by impressive peaks, including Rakaposhi (7,788 meters / 25,551 feet) and Ultar Sar (7,388 meters / 24,270 feet). These majestic mountains offer spectacular views and are popular among trekkers and mountaineers.
   • Attabad Lake: Created by a landslide in 2010, this turquoise lake is renowned for its stunning color and is a popular spot for boat rides.

2. Historical Sites:

   • Baltit Fort: An ancient fort that has been meticulously restored. It offers panoramic views of the Hunza Valley and is a testament to the region’s architectural heritage.
   • Altit Fort: One of the oldest forts in the region, dating back over 900 years. It also provides great views and insights into the local history and culture.

3. Cultural Experiences:

   • Local Festivals: Hunza celebrates various traditional festivals, such as the Cherry Blossom Festival in spring and the Harvest Festival in autumn, which are colorful and rich in cultural activities.
   • Cuisine: Hunza’s cuisine features local specialties like Chapshuro (meat-filled pastries), Hunza Pulao, and fresh apricots and almonds.

4. Trekking and Adventure:

   • Ratti Gali Pass: A challenging trek that offers breathtaking views of the surrounding peaks and valleys.
   • Hunza Valley Trek: Various trekking routes through the valley showcase its diverse landscapes and offer opportunities for both novice and experienced trekkers.
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Economy and Culture

The local languages spoken include Burushaski, Wakhi and Shina. The literacy rate of the Hunza valley is more than 95%. The establishment of community schools that provide high quality education, and the influence of the Aga Khan Mirs, contributing towards building universities for higher education have directed towards the high literacy rate in Hunza Valley, especially for girls. The historical area of Hunza and present northern Pakistan has had, over the centuries, mass migrations, conflicts and resettling of tribes and ethnicities, of which the Shina people are the most prominent in regional history. People of the region have recounted their historical traditions down the generations. The Hunza Valley is also home to some Wakhi, who migrated there from northeastern Afghanistan beginning in the nineteenth century onwards. The majority of residents in Hunza belong to the Ismaili Shia sect. They believe that Aga Khan V is their religious figurehead and transcendent. He is also believed to be the biggest promotor and contributor towards the literacy success and overall well-being of the people of Hunza and the valley itself.

The longevity of Hunza people has been noted by some, but others refute this as a longevity myth promoted by the lack of birth records. There is no evidence that Hunza life expectancy is significantly above the average of poor, isolated regions of Pakistan. Claims of health and long life were almost always based solely on the statements by the local mir (king). An author who had significant and sustained contact with Burusho people, John Clark, reported that they were overall unhealthy.

However, whether or not their putative longevity is true, it is undoubtable that the Hunza people lead a healthy lifestyle along with a healthy diet. Many researchers have lived with the Hunza people to answer this mystery including Robert McCarrison who did not discover a single person with diseases such as cancer, stomach ulcers or appendicitis. The research shows that high levels of exercise due the landscape and geography allows for them to be active and agile which factors in with their longevity, along with consumption of apricot seeds and oils, and the glacier water which contains minerals.

• Economy: The local economy is primarily based on agriculture, with crops such as apricots, apples, cherries, and walnuts being significant. Tourism also plays a vital role in the economy, drawing visitors from around the world.
• Culture: The people of Hunza, known as the Hunzakuts, speak Burushaski, an isolated language. They practice a form of Ismaili Islam, which influences their social and cultural practices. Their lifestyle is characterized by a focus on community and tradition, with a reputation for hospitality and long life.

Access and Transportation

• Access: Hunza is accessible by road from Gilgit, which is connected to Islamabad and other major cities by flights and bus services. The Karakoram Highway (KKH) is the primary route connecting Hunza to the rest of Pakistan, offering a dramatic and scenic journey.
• Transportation within the Valley: Local transport includes jeeps and taxis, which can navigate the rugged terrain. Walking and trekking are also common ways to explore the area.

Hunza Valley remains a gem of natural beauty and cultural richness, offering visitors an unforgettable experience amidst some of the most stunning landscapes on the planet.

Hunza Valley is rich with additional attractions that go beyond its already stunning landscapes and historical sites. Here are more highlights:

Additional Attractions in Hunza Valley

1. Passu Cones:

   • Description: These unique, pyramid-shaped peaks are one of the most photographed landscapes in Hunza. The Passu Cones are located near the village of Passu and provide an iconic backdrop for photographers and trekkers.
   • Activities: Explore the nearby Passu Glacier and enjoy panoramic views from the nearby viewpoints.

2. Husseini Suspension Bridge:

   • Description: Often considered one of the most dangerous suspension bridges in the world, it spans the Hunza River and offers thrilling views of the river below.
   • Activities: Crossing the bridge can be a heart-pounding experience, offering a unique perspective of the valley's rugged terrain.

3. Ganish Village:

   • Description: One of the oldest settlements in the Hunza Valley, Ganish features traditional Balti architecture and ancient Buddhist stupas. The village is known for its well-preserved cultural heritage.
   • Activities: Wander through the narrow alleys, visit the historic sites, and experience local life in this traditional village.

4. Altit Village:

   • Description: Located near Altit Fort, this village is known for its traditional Hunza architecture and beautiful terraced fields.
   • Activities: Explore the village's ancient houses and enjoy the scenic beauty of the terraced fields and surrounding landscapes.

5. Phandar Valley:

   • Description: Located a bit off the main Hunza Valley, Phandar Valley is known for its lush green landscapes and serene environment. It’s an ideal spot for those looking to escape the more tourist-heavy areas.
   • Activities: Enjoy fishing, boating, and relaxing by the Phandar Lake, which is a picturesque spot in the valley.

6. Borith Lake:

   • Description: A high-altitude lake located near the village of Borith. The lake is surrounded by beautiful mountains and is a great spot for birdwatching.
   • Activities: Trek to the lake, enjoy the tranquility, and observe migratory birds.

7. Khunjerab Pass:

   • Description: The highest paved international border crossing in the world, situated at an altitude of 4,693 meters (15,397 feet). It marks the border between Pakistan and China.
   • Activities: Drive up to the pass to experience the high-altitude landscape and take in the unique geopolitical significance of the location.

8. Ratti Gali Lake:

   • Description: A stunning alpine lake located in the Ratti Gali area. The trek to the lake offers breathtaking views of the surrounding mountains and valleys.
   • Activities: Hiking to the lake and camping in the area provide an adventurous experience for nature lovers.

9. Shangrila Resort (Lower Hunza):

   • Description: Also known as “Shangrila Resort,” this area is known for its beautiful landscape and the iconic "lower Hunza" setting. The resort is built around a small lake and provides luxurious accommodation with stunning views.
   • Activities: Relax by the lake, enjoy the resort's amenities, and explore the surrounding natural beauty.

10. Gulmit Village:

    • Description: Situated on the northern side of the Hunza River, Gulmit is a picturesque village with lush green fields and traditional architecture.
    • Activities: Explore the village, visit the local market, and enjoy the serene environment.

11. Trekking Routes:

    • Rupal Valley Trek: Offers stunning views of Nanga Parbat and is less frequented, providing a more secluded trekking experience.
    • Batura Glacier Trek: A challenging trek that leads to one of the longest glaciers outside the polar regions.

Cultural and Historical Experiences

• Hunza Museum: Located in Karimabad, the museum offers insights into the history, culture, and art of the Hunza Valley. It features artifacts, photographs, and historical information.
• Traditional Handicrafts: Hunza is known for its traditional crafts, including hand-woven carpets and intricate embroidery. Visiting local markets and workshops can provide a glimpse into these artistic traditions.

Hunza Valley’s diverse attractions make it a fascinating destination, whether you're interested in adventure, culture, history, or simply enjoying the natural beauty.

 Best Time to Visit

1. Spring (April to June):

   • Highlights: Cherry blossoms and blooming apricot trees create a picturesque landscape. Temperatures are mild, making it ideal for sightseeing and trekking.
   • Events: Cherry Blossom Festival in April offers vibrant scenery and local celebrations.

2. Summer (July to September):

   • Highlights: Warm weather and clear skies provide excellent conditions for trekking, sightseeing, and outdoor activities. This is the peak tourist season, so popular spots may be busier.
   • Events: Various local festivals and events occur, such as the Harvest Festival in August, celebrating the agricultural bounty.

3. Autumn (October to November):

   • Highlights: The fall foliage adds golden hues to the valley. The weather is still pleasant but starts to get cooler. This is a great time for photography and enjoying the serene beauty.
   • Events: Local festivals continue, and the apple and walnut harvests are in full swing.

4. Winter (December to February):

   • Highlights: The valley transforms into a winter wonderland with snow-capped peaks and frosty landscapes. It’s a quieter time with fewer tourists.
   • Considerations: Travel can be challenging due to snow and cold temperatures, and some areas may be inaccessible. However, the snow-covered scenery offers unique photographic opportunities and a tranquil experience.

How to Get There

1. By Air:

• To Gilgit: The quickest way to reach Hunza is by flying into Gilgit Airport from Islamabad. The flight offers stunning aerial views of the mountains and takes around 1.5 hours.
• To Skardu: Another option is to fly into Skardu, though this is less direct and requires additional travel to reach Hunza.

2. By Road:

• From Islamabad: The most common way to reach Hunza is by driving or taking a bus from Islamabad. The journey is along the Karakoram Highway (KKH) and takes approximately 12-14 hours. The road is scenic but can be challenging due to its winding nature.
• From Gilgit: If you’re already in Gilgit, Hunza is about a 2-3 hour drive away along the KKH.

3. By Bus:

• Bus Services: Various bus companies offer services from major cities like Islamabad and Rawalpindi to Hunza. These buses can range from basic to more comfortable options, including some with sleeping arrangements.

Travel Tips

1. Travel Documents: Ensure you have the necessary permits if you’re traveling to sensitive areas or the border region. The Hunza Valley itself typically doesn’t require special permits, but it's good to check current regulations.

2. Health and Safety: The high altitude can affect some visitors, so take it easy upon arrival and stay hydrated. Carry basic medications, especially if traveling to higher altitudes.

3. Weather Preparedness: Pack according to the season. For summer, lightweight clothing and sun protection are essential. For winter, bring warm clothing, including thermal layers, gloves, and boots.

4. Local Customs: Respect local customs and traditions, particularly in more remote or traditional villages. Dress modestly and be courteous to local residents.

5. Accommodation: Book in advance during peak tourist seasons. Hunza offers a range of accommodations from luxury hotels to guesthouses and homestays.

By considering these factors, you can plan a trip to Hunza Valley that aligns with your interests and travel preferences, ensuring a memorable and enjoyable experience.