Exploring Ōkunoshima: Japan’s Rabbit Island with a Dark History

Ōkunoshima, also known as "Rabbit Island," is one of Japan’s most unique and charming travel destinations. Located in the Inland Sea of Japan, this small island has gained fame for its large population of wild rabbits that roam freely throughout the island, creating a surreal and enchanting experience for visitors. But there's more to Ōkunoshima than just its adorable inhabitants; the island also has a rich history, beautiful landscapes, and fascinating historical sites that make it a must-see destination. Here's everything you need to know for a visit to Ōkunoshima, the Rabbit Island.

The History of Ōkunoshima: From Poison Gas to Popular Tourist Spot

Ōkunoshima’s history is both intriguing and haunting. While today the island is a popular tourist spot known for its furry residents, during World War II, it was a secret site for the production of poison gas. The Japanese military used the island to produce and store chemical weapons, including mustard gas. After the war, the island’s dangerous past was hidden for decades.

In the 1970s, the island was decommissioned and transformed into a peaceful haven. The rabbits, which are said to have been introduced in the 1970s (although some speculate they were brought in much earlier), quickly multiplied and became the island's main attraction. Today, visitors can explore the island and learn about its darker past while enjoying the beauty and serenity of its natural environment.

Getting to Ōkunoshima

Ōkunoshima is located in the Seto Inland Sea, accessible from the mainland of Japan. The easiest way to reach the island is from the city of Hiroshima. From Hiroshima Station, take a train to Tadanoumi Station (about 45 minutes). From there, a short ferry ride (about 15 minutes) will bring you to Ōkunoshima. The ferry is frequent and easy to catch, making it a convenient destination for a day trip.

What to Expect on the Island

When you step off the ferry onto Ōkunoshima, the first thing you’ll notice is the overwhelming presence of rabbits. They’re everywhere on the paths, in the fields, and sometimes even near the ferry terminal. The island is home to hundreds of wild rabbits, who are used to human interaction and are not shy about approaching people. Visitors often feed them, but it’s important to note that feeding them the wrong food (like human snacks) is discouraged, as it can be harmful to their health.

The island itself is relatively small, only about 4 square kilometers in size, and can be explored by walking or renting a bicycle. There are several points of interest on the island, including:

• Ōkunoshima Rabbit Park: A large, open area where most of the rabbits congregate. Here, visitors can interact with the bunnies, take photos, and relax in the peaceful surroundings.

• The Poison Gas Museum (Ōkunoshima Gas Museum): A must-visit for those interested in the darker history of the island. The museum is located in a building that once housed the facilities for chemical weapons production. It provides a detailed account of the island’s use during World War II, including exhibits on the science behind poison gas and the legacy of chemical warfare.

• Historical Ruins and Structures: Scattered around the island are several ruins of the former military facilities, including abandoned bunkers and storage buildings. Some are hidden in the forest, creating a mysterious atmosphere for those who want to explore the island's past.

• The Scenic Beauty: Despite its dark history, the island is incredibly beautiful, with lush green hills, scenic coastlines, and clear waters. Visitors can enjoy leisurely walks, explore nature trails, and even have a picnic by the shore. The island is also home to some lovely beaches where you can relax and take in the view of the sea.

  

Best Time to Visit

The best time to visit Ōkunoshima is during the spring (April to May) and autumn (September to November). During these seasons, the weather is mild, and the island’s landscapes are at their most picturesque. Spring brings cherry blossoms to the island, creating a stunning contrast with the natural greenery. Autumn, on the other hand, is famous for the changing colors of the leaves, making it a visually spectacular time to visit.

However, since the island is quite popular in the warmer months, be prepared for more tourists during peak seasons. If you prefer a more tranquil experience, visiting in the winter or early spring might offer a quieter and more peaceful time on the island.

Interacting with the Rabbits

The main draw of Ōkunoshima is undoubtedly the rabbits. These friendly and curious creatures roam freely and are incredibly tame, often approaching visitors to say hello. They are accustomed to humans, and you’ll see many people gently petting or feeding them (but as mentioned, only with the right food).

While the rabbits are generally harmless, it's important to respect their space and not overwhelm them. If you're planning to feed them, you can buy food specifically for the rabbits at the island's small shops. Do not feed them human food or processed snacks, as it can harm their health.

Things to Do and See on the Island

Besides interacting with the rabbits, here are some things you can do while visiting:

• Rent a Bicycle or Take a Walk: The island is small but beautiful, and a leisurely bike ride or walk will allow you to see its many corners, including hidden beaches, the ruins of old military sites, and scenic viewpoints.

• Take Photos: With the abundance of cute rabbits and stunning landscapes, Ōkunoshima is a photographer’s paradise. Be sure to capture moments with the rabbits and the gorgeous views of the Inland Sea.

• Visit the Poison Gas Museum: Take time to understand the island’s tragic role in history at the Poison Gas Museum. The museum is informative, though it is quite somber in tone. It provides insight into the impact of chemical weapons and serves as a reminder of the horrors of war.

• Relax by the Shore: Enjoy some downtime by the beach. The island offers quiet spots where you can read a book, take a nap, or just listen to the sound of the waves.

Practical Information

• Admission Fees: Access to the island is free, but there may be small charges for specific attractions, like the Poison Gas Museum.
• Facilities: There are basic amenities on the island, including restrooms, cafes, and souvenir shops. The shops sell rabbit-themed souvenirs, including plush toys, snacks, and even postcards featuring the island’s cute inhabitants.
• Language: While Japanese is the primary language spoken on the island, many signs are also in English, and staff at key locations may speak some English. However, knowing a few basic Japanese phrases is helpful.

Where to Stay

Though Ōkunoshima is a popular day trip destination, there are a few places to stay on or near the island if you wish to extend your visit:

• Ōkunoshima Hotel: This is the main hotel on the island, offering a tranquil stay with a beautiful view of the sea. It’s a great option if you want to stay overnight and enjoy the island when it’s quieter in the evening.

  

• Accommodation in Tadanoumi: If you prefer more options, you can stay in the town of Tadanoumi, located on the mainland, and take a ferry to the island. Tadanoumi has a variety of guesthouses, hotels, and ryokan (traditional Japanese inns).

Rabbit Conservation on the Island

The rabbits on Ōkunoshima have a fascinating history of their own. The exact origins of the rabbits are debated, with two main theories:

1. The Rabbits Were Brought by the Military: One theory suggests that the rabbits were initially brought to the island by the military for use in biological research. However, there is little concrete evidence to support this claim.
2. The Rabbits Were Released by Students: Another theory is that the rabbits were brought to the island by a group of schoolchildren who released them as part of an experiment. This is considered the more likely origin story, as many of the rabbits on the island today have a domesticated appearance.

Since their introduction, the rabbits have thrived on the island, and their population has grown significantly. Today, Ōkunoshima is considered a haven for these wild rabbits, with many people visiting the island to see and interact with them.

Despite their popularity, efforts are made to keep the rabbits’ population under control, ensuring they do not suffer from overpopulation or the negative effects of human interaction. The island is a place for wildlife conservation, and visitors are encouraged to respect the rabbits’ natural behavior.

Other Animals and Flora of the Island

While the rabbits are undoubtedly the stars of the show, Ōkunoshima is home to other animals and diverse plant life, making it a great place for nature lovers.

• Birds: The island is home to a variety of bird species, including migratory birds that pass through the Inland Sea. The area around the beaches is great for birdwatching, especially during the spring and autumn.
• Plants: The island's landscape includes both deciduous and evergreen trees, and during spring and summer, the island is covered in lush greenery and flowers. The dense forests provide a beautiful backdrop for a peaceful walk.

The diverse ecosystem, combined with the peaceful environment and the friendly rabbits, makes Ōkunoshima a serene place to explore.

Recommended Itinerary for a Day on Ōkunoshima

If you're planning a trip to Ōkunoshima, here’s a suggested itinerary to make the most of your day:

• Morning:

  • Arrive on the island via ferry from Tadanoumi.
  • Head straight to Ōkunoshima Rabbit Park to see the rabbits and get your first taste of the island's famous residents.
  • After spending time with the rabbits, take a stroll through the island’s nature trails to explore its forests and scenic areas.

• Lunch:

  • Enjoy a picnic by the beach or dine at one of the cafes near the ferry terminal. Many of these spots offer beautiful sea views and simple, delicious meals. There are also rabbit-themed snacks for visitors to enjoy.

• Afternoon:

  • Visit the Poison Gas Museum to learn about the island’s wartime history. Spend some time in the exhibits, reflecting on the past and understanding the island’s transformation.
  • Walk around and explore the abandoned bunkers and ruins of old military facilities hidden in the island’s forests.

• Evening:

  • Take a moment to relax by the beach, where you can enjoy the peaceful atmosphere and watch the sunset.
  • Catch the ferry back to Tadanoumi, completing your day on this charming island.

Cultural Etiquette and Rules for Visiting Ōkunoshima

 

As with any place in Japan, respecting local customs and the environment is important while visiting Ōkunoshima. Here are some key points to keep in mind:

• Respect Wildlife: While the rabbits are friendly and accustomed to humans, it’s important not to harass them or try to pick them up. Let them approach you if they’re curious, and always treat them gently.
• Do Not Feed the Rabbits Human Food: Rabbits have specific dietary needs, and feeding them human food (such as bread, chips, or fruit) can harm them. Stick to rabbit-friendly food sold on the island, such as fresh vegetables.
• Keep the Island Clean: Be mindful of litter and dispose of waste properly. The island is a beautiful natural space, and keeping it clean helps preserve its beauty.
• Stay on Paths: While you may be tempted to wander off the beaten path, it’s best to stick to the trails and avoid disturbing the natural environment. This helps protect both the wildlife and the plant life of the island.

 

Where to Eat and Shop on the Island

While Ōkunoshima is relatively small, there are a few spots where you can enjoy local food and shop for unique souvenirs:

• Rabbit-Themed Souvenirs: There are several souvenir shops on the island that sell adorable rabbit-themed goods, including stuffed animals, keychains, t-shirts, and postcards. You can also find some historical items related to the island’s military past.
• Cafes and Restaurants: There are a couple of cafes near the ferry terminal and along the coastline where you can enjoy a cup of tea, coffee, or light snacks. If you’re looking for a more substantial meal, the island’s small eateries serve local dishes, often featuring fresh seafood from the nearby Seto Inland Sea.

Extended Stay Options Around Ōkunoshima

If you decide you’d like to stay longer and explore more of the surrounding area, consider staying on the mainland in Tadanoumi or nearby Takehara. These towns offer a more traditional Japanese experience, with quaint streets, historic sites, and peaceful surroundings.

• Tadanoumi: This small seaside town is home to a handful of accommodations, including guesthouses, hotels, and ryokan (Japanese inns). It’s a great place to relax and enjoy a slower pace of life.
• Takehara: Just a short drive away, Takehara is a historic town with old merchant homes and a preserved Edo-era district. The town is known for its traditional sake brewing culture and is a nice addition to your trip.

Conclusion: Why You Should Visit Ōkunoshima

Ōkunoshima is a special place that balances a fascinating history with a serene and natural beauty. Whether you're there to meet the hundreds of friendly rabbits, explore the remnants of Japan's wartime history, or simply enjoy the peaceful island atmosphere, it offers a unique and memorable experience. This small island stands as a reminder that even the darkest places in history can evolve into spaces of beauty, peace, and charm.

If you’re visiting Japan, a trip to Ōkunoshima is a chance to see a side of the country that's off the beaten path, offering not only a rare encounter with wild rabbits but also a thought-provoking journey through history and nature.